Development And Psychometric Framework Of The Spiral Concentration Test (SCT): A Systematic Literature Review Of Digital-Based Attention Assessment

Abstract

The development of digital technology has driven the transformation of cognitive assessment from conventional paper-based instruments to digital systems that are more objective, efficient, and capable of producing more comprehensive information about individual cognitive processes. One of the cognitive abilities that is the focus of development is concentration, because it plays an important role in the learning process, decision-making, health, and sports performance. This article aims to examine the theoretical foundation, development process, and framework of validity and reliability of the Spiral Concentration Test (SCT) as a digital-based concentration assessment instrument. The research uses the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method with reference to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. The literature was obtained from the Scopus database, Web of Science, PubMed, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, and Google Scholar using keywords related to assessments of attention, concentration, digital cognitive assessment, psychometrics, and executive function. The results of the synthesis show that SCT has a conceptual basis that integrates the theory of attention, executive function, visual search, and processing speed through a spiral search pattern supported by a digital system for time recording, automatic scoring, and performance analysis. This study also emphasizes that the development of SCT needs to be supported by a systematic psychometric validation process, including content validity, construct validity, criterion validity, reliability, and usability evaluation. Conceptually, SCT has the potential as an innovative digital concentration assessment instrument for the fields of education, psychology, health, and sports science.